- Species and varieties: Viola tricolor, commonly known as wild pansy, heartsease, or Johnny Jump Up, is a species of flowering plant in the violet family Violaceae. The 'wavy' variety refers to the unique wavy edges of the petals, which add a distinctive look to the flowers.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Viola tricolor can be found in both hybrid and heirloom varieties. Heirloom varieties are often prized for their historical significance and genetic purity, while hybrids may offer improved vigor, disease resistance, or unique flower forms such as the wavy petals.
- Pruning and training: Regular deadheading of spent flowers encourages continuous blooming and prevents the plant from going to seed too early. Pinching back the stems can promote bushier growth and more flowers.
- Fertilization needs: Viola tricolor benefits from a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer applied at planting time and then monthly during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers. Organic compost or well-rotted manure can also be used to enrich the soil.
- Hardiness zones: Viola tricolor is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 3-9. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but performs best in cooler climates.
- Climate requirements: This plant prefers full sun to partial shade and thrives in well-drained, fertile soil. It can tolerate light frost and is often one of the first flowers to bloom in spring. In hotter climates, it benefits from some afternoon shade to prevent wilting.