- Species and varieties: Red skin potatoes belong to the species Solanum tuberosum. Popular varieties include 'Red Norland', 'Red Pontiac', and 'La Rouge'. These varieties are known for their smooth red skin and white flesh, making them a favorite for boiling, roasting, and salads.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Red skin potatoes can be both hybrid and heirloom varieties. 'Red Norland' is a common hybrid variety known for its disease resistance and early maturity. 'Red Pontiac' is another hybrid known for its high yield and adaptability. Heirloom varieties like 'La Rouge' are prized for their traditional flavor and texture.
- Pruning and training: Potato plants do not require pruning. However, hilling (mounding soil around the base of the plant) is essential to protect developing tubers from sunlight, which can cause them to turn green and become toxic. Regularly check for pests and diseases, and remove any affected foliage promptly.
- Fertilization needs: Red skin potatoes benefit from a balanced fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium. Apply a 5-10-10 fertilizer at planting time and side-dress with additional fertilizer when the plants are about 6 inches tall. Avoid excessive nitrogen, as it can lead to lush foliage but poor tuber development.
- Hardiness zones: Red skin potatoes can be grown in USDA hardiness zones 3-10. They are quite adaptable and can thrive in a variety of climates, from cooler northern regions to warmer southern areas.
- Climate requirements: Red skin potatoes prefer a cool climate with temperatures ranging between 60-70°F (15-21°C). They require well-drained soil with a pH between 5.0 and 6.5. Consistent moisture is crucial, especially during tuber formation, but waterlogging should be avoided.