- Species and varieties: Organic pepper seeds can belong to various species such as Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense. Popular varieties include Bell Peppers, Jalapeños, Habaneros, and Cayenne Peppers.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Organic pepper seeds can be either hybrid or heirloom. Heirloom varieties are open-pollinated and have been passed down through generations, such as the 'California Wonder' Bell Pepper. Hybrid varieties are bred for specific traits like disease resistance and higher yields, such as the 'Big Bertha' Bell Pepper.
- Pruning and training: Pepper plants benefit from light pruning to remove any damaged or diseased leaves and to improve air circulation. Staking or caging may be necessary for taller varieties to support the plants and prevent them from falling over.
- Fertilization needs: Pepper plants require regular fertilization. A balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (such as a 10-10-10 formula) is recommended. Fertilize at planting time and then every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Organic options like compost or well-rotted manure can also be used.
- Hardiness zones: Pepper plants are typically grown as annuals in USDA hardiness zones 9-11. In cooler climates, they can be grown as annuals during the warm season or started indoors and transplanted outside after the last frost.
- Climate requirements: Pepper plants thrive in warm climates with temperatures between 70-85°F (21-29°C). They require full sun and well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Consistent moisture is essential, but the soil should not be waterlogged.