- Species and varieties: Peas (Pisum sativum) come in several varieties, including shelling peas, snow peas, and snap peas. Heirloom varieties are open-pollinated and have been passed down through generations, often prized for their flavor and historical significance.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Heirloom. Heirloom peas are non-hybrid seeds that have been preserved and passed down through generations. They are known for their rich flavor, genetic diversity, and historical value. Examples of heirloom pea varieties include 'Lincoln', 'Wando', and 'Alaska'.
- Pruning and training: Peas generally do not require pruning. However, providing support such as trellises or stakes can help climbing varieties grow upright and improve air circulation. Bush varieties may not need support but can benefit from being kept tidy.
- Fertilization needs: Peas are legumes and can fix nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for heavy fertilization. However, they benefit from a balanced fertilizer at planting time. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, as they can promote excessive foliage growth at the expense of pod production. Compost or well-rotted manure can be added to the soil to improve fertility.
- Hardiness zones: Peas are best suited for USDA Hardiness Zones 3-11. They thrive in cooler weather and can tolerate light frosts, making them ideal for early spring or fall planting.
- Climate requirements: Peas prefer a cool climate with temperatures between 55-70°F (13-21°C). They require full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Peas do not perform well in hot, humid conditions.