- Species and varieties: Naval oranges (Citrus sinensis) are a popular variety of sweet oranges. They are known for their seedless nature, easy-to-peel skin, and sweet, juicy flesh. Some common varieties include Washington Navel, Cara Cara Navel, and Lane Late Navel.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Naval oranges are typically considered heirloom varieties, especially the Washington Navel, which is one of the oldest and most well-known types. However, some newer varieties may be hybrids developed for specific growing conditions or improved fruit quality.
- Pruning and training: Pruning is essential for maintaining the shape and health of naval orange trees. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. Training young trees to a strong central leader can help support the weight of the fruit.
- Fertilization needs: Naval orange trees require regular fertilization to ensure healthy growth and fruit production. Use a balanced citrus fertilizer with a ratio of 2-1-1 (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) or a specific citrus fertilizer. Apply fertilizer three times a year: in early spring, late spring, and late summer. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates and methods.
- Hardiness zones: Naval orange trees thrive in USDA hardiness zones 9-11. These zones provide the warm temperatures and mild winters that are ideal for citrus growth.
- Climate requirements: Naval oranges require a subtropical to tropical climate with plenty of sunlight. They need warm temperatures, ideally between 55°F and 100°F (13°C to 38°C). They are sensitive to frost and require protection during cold weather. Consistent watering and well-drained soil are also essential for healthy growth.