- Species and varieties: Moluccella laevis, commonly known as Bells of Ireland or Shell Flower, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to Turkey, Syria, and the Caucasus but is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Moluccella laevis is typically grown from heirloom seeds. It is not commonly hybridized, and most available seeds are open-pollinated heirloom varieties.
- Pruning and training: Bells of Ireland do not require extensive pruning. However, deadheading spent flowers can encourage more blooms and prolong the flowering period. The plants can grow tall and may need staking to prevent them from toppling over.
- Fertilization needs: Moluccella laevis benefits from a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer applied at planting time. Additional feeding during the growing season can promote healthy growth and abundant flowering. Organic compost or well-rotted manure can also be used to enrich the soil.
- Hardiness zones: Bells of Ireland are suitable for USDA hardiness zones 2-11. They are quite versatile and can be grown in a wide range of climates.
- Climate requirements: Moluccella laevis prefers cool to moderate climates. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires well-drained soil. The plant is relatively drought-tolerant once established but benefits from regular watering during dry periods.