- Species and varieties: Cilantro, also known as Coriandrum sativum, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It is commonly known as coriander in many parts of the world. There are several varieties of cilantro, including 'Santo', 'Calypso', and 'Leisure'. Each variety may have slight differences in leaf shape, flavor, and growth habits.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Cilantro seeds are available in both hybrid and heirloom varieties. Heirloom varieties are open-pollinated and have been passed down through generations, often prized for their robust flavor and traditional characteristics. Hybrid varieties are bred for specific traits such as disease resistance, uniformity, and higher yields.
- Pruning and training: Cilantro requires minimal pruning. Regularly harvesting the leaves can help prevent the plant from bolting (going to seed) too quickly. Pinch off flower buds as they appear to encourage more leaf growth. If growing for seeds (coriander), allow the plant to flower and set seeds.
- Fertilization needs: Cilantro benefits from a balanced fertilizer applied at planting time. A general-purpose fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (e.g., 10-10-10) is suitable. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive leaf growth and reduced flavor. Organic matter such as compost can also be added to improve soil fertility.
- Hardiness zones: Cilantro can be grown in USDA hardiness zones 2-11. It is a cool-season herb that thrives in cooler temperatures and can tolerate light frost.
- Climate requirements: Cilantro prefers a cool climate with temperatures between 50-85°F (10-29°C). It grows best in full sun to partial shade and requires well-drained soil with a pH of 6.2-6.8. In hot climates, cilantro may bolt quickly, so it is often grown in the spring or fall.