- Species and varieties: Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) come in various species and varieties, including annual, biennial, and perennial types. Popular varieties include 'Chabaud Giant', 'Grenadin', and 'King of the Blacks'. Each variety offers unique colors and bloom sizes.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Carnation seeds can be both hybrid and heirloom. Hybrid varieties are often bred for specific traits such as color and disease resistance, while heirloom varieties are open-pollinated and have been passed down through generations, maintaining their original characteristics.
- Pruning and training: Regular deadheading of spent blooms encourages continuous flowering. Pruning back the stems after the first bloom can promote a second flush of flowers. Staking may be necessary for taller varieties to prevent the stems from bending or breaking.
- Fertilization needs: Carnations benefit from a balanced fertilizer applied every 6-8 weeks during the growing season. A 10-10-10 NPK fertilizer is recommended. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms.
- Hardiness zones: Carnations are suitable for USDA hardiness zones 6-9. They can tolerate light frost but thrive best in moderate climates.
- Climate requirements: Carnations prefer a temperate climate with full sun exposure. They require well-drained soil and moderate watering. Ideal growing temperatures range from 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C).