- Species and varieties: Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) belong to the Brassicaceae family. There are several varieties of Brussels sprouts, including 'Jade Cross', 'Long Island Improved', 'Diablo', and 'Oliver'. Each variety may have different growth habits, sizes, and flavors.
- Hybrid or heirloom: Brussels sprouts seeds can be either hybrid or heirloom. Hybrid varieties, such as 'Jade Cross', are bred for specific traits like disease resistance and uniformity. Heirloom varieties, like 'Long Island Improved', are open-pollinated and have been passed down through generations, often prized for their unique flavors and historical significance.
- Pruning and training: Brussels sprouts benefit from regular pruning to remove yellowing or damaged leaves, which helps improve air circulation and reduce disease risk. Pinching off the growing tip of the plant about a month before the first expected frost can encourage the development of larger sprouts.
- Fertilization needs: Brussels sprouts are heavy feeders and benefit from a balanced fertilizer application. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil before planting. Side-dress with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer, such as fish emulsion or blood meal, every 3-4 weeks during the growing season to support vigorous growth and sprout development.
- Hardiness zones: Brussels sprouts are best suited for USDA hardiness zones 2-9. They thrive in cooler climates and can tolerate light frosts, making them ideal for fall and winter gardening in many regions.
- Climate requirements: Brussels sprouts require a cool growing season with temperatures between 45°F and 75°F (7°C to 24°C). They prefer full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Consistent moisture is crucial for optimal growth, but the soil should not be waterlogged.